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As a result, the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is disrupted, contributing to gastric carcinogenesis ( waf1/cip1 , proapoptotic protein Bax-1 and cleaved caspase 3 but also reversed the increase in the cell proliferation markers including cyclin D1 and PCNA, suggesting that lycopene protects the gastric mucosa from smoking-induced damage through p53-dependent cell cycle control and apoptosis, and may counteract the development of gastric cancer associated with smoking (Figure 3)

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Understanding where CagriSema and tirzepatide sit relative to other emerging therapies provides essential context for informed decision-making

doi: 10.1002/jnr.21275

Biancur, D