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New object recognition tests and the Morris water maze tests were used to assess the novel object exploration and spatial memory abilities

Guan J, Pavlovic D, Dalkie N, Waldvogel HJ, OCarroll SJ, Green CR, et al

However, the lack of any significant effect of adding antioxidants such as resveratrol, CoQ10, acai berry, lycopene and pomegranate on collagen expression, despite significant inhibition of MMP-1 expression, indicates an effect of glucosamine on collagen synthesis that is not mediated through antioxidant activity

Topical scalp: 0.5 % solution, 12 ml twice daily for at least 6 months

Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Animal studies and procedures were carried out in accordance with an approved protocol from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the Fourth Military Medical University (IACUC-20220505)