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Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in cancer therapy: a nano-based approach

Toxins (Basel) 14:745

Esculetin (ESC) exhibits diverse anticancer mechanisms across different malignancies.(Top left)In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ESC induces ferroptosis through multiple pathways: promoting ferritinophagy-mediated iron release from ferritin, suppressing antioxidant defenses (SLC7A11, GPX4, Nrf2), enhancing ACSL4-dependent lipid peroxidation, and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, ultimately leading to iron-dependent cell death.(Top right)In colorectal cancer (CRC), ESC disrupts copper homeostasis by upregulating the copper importer SLC31A1 (CTR1) and downregulating the copper exporter ATP7B, resulting in toxic copper accumulation and cuproptosis

A nonexclusive alternative explanation for the kinetic patterns with HEDS (and the decreased enzyme activity at high GSH concentrations) could be a Grx(SSCH 2 CH 2 OH) intermediate that is attacked by GSH according to monothiol mechanism (i) from Fig

Drug Metab Rev 36:805-822 Hogaboam CM, Bone-Larson CL, Steinhauser ML, Lukacs NW, Colletti LM, Simpson KJ, Strieter RM, Kunkel SL (1999a) Novel CXCR2-dependent liver regenerative qualities of ELR-containing CXC chemokines