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Free radicals are a significant cause of skin damage and hyperpigmentation, and antioxidants help reduce their impact

Acetylation Acetylation, a pivotal post-translational modification, involves the covalent addition of acetyl (CH3CO-) to specific amino acid residues, predominantly lysine -amino groups, resulting in a variety of functions

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They include enterocytes to absorb nutrients and transport water and waste products, goblet cells responsible for mucus production, enteroendocrine cells for hormone secretion, Paneth cells for secretion of antimicrobial peptides and proteins, and microfold cells involved in antigen capture and presentation to immune cells (27)