In terms of functional mechanisms, kynurenine and its downstream metabolites affect immune cell fate through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), including regulation of the Treg/Th17 balance

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Copper treatment led to similar global downregulation in both cell types, though 409 genes were upregulated in ATP7B-KO cells compared to HepG2 cells
The blood leukocyte counts (Supplementary Table 1) and C-reactive protein level (CRP) were also elevated (Supplementary Fig
Conclusions and perspectives This review summarizes recent advances in delineating the major pathways and mechanisms of PL metabolism in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation