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Advanced atherosclerotic foam cell formation has features of an acquired lysosomal storage disorder

, Jakobsen E., Voss C

Arginine is either imported into cells through the cationic amino acid transporter CAT2B and hydrolyzed by intracellular arginase 1 [230] or directly hydrolyzed by extracellular arginase 1 in the extracellular compartment [231, 232]

Its important to note that vitamin B12 is water-soluble, so excess amounts are typically excreted in the urine

[55] Another gene that experiences a change in methylation status in atherosclerosis is the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT3), which produces a protein responsible for the transport of lactate and other ketone bodies out of a number of cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells