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NLRP3 NLR, family pyrin domaincontaining 3

Melatonin protects the electron transport chain (ETC) by binding to the Fe-S cluster of NADPH dehydrogenase, reducing the generation of superoxide anion radicals (O2) caused by electron leakage, blocking the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), and preventing apoptosis caused by cytochrome C leakage (Hardeland, 2017

J Neurochem 78:10731082 Tseng H-C, Wang M-H, Chang K-C, Soung H-S, Fang C-H, Lin Y-W, Li K-Y, Yang C-C, Tsai C-C (2020) Protective effect of () epigallocatechin-3-gallate on rotenone-induced parkinsonism-like symptoms in rats

As AIF deficiency potently compromises OXPHOS [32, 34], it is reasonable to speculate that AIF might be another target by which HIF downregulates mitochondrial respiration

Glutathione is the bodys master antioxidant a tripeptide synthesized in every cell that neutralizes reactive oxygen species, drives Phase II hepatic detoxification, supports immune function, and protects mitochondrial integrity