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In addition, GSH depletion induced SIPS, as evidenced by increased percentage of the senescence-associated -galactosidase-positive cells, increased senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), as well as cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase

Xymogen's NAC is a source of the conditionally essential amino acid L-cysteine and a precursor to the tripeptide glutathione

These findings underscore that GSH regulates ferroptosis not only through peroxide detoxification but also by coordinating iron trafficking and Fe-S cluster integrity, thereby coupling redox defense to core metabolic fitness

Western blot Cells were lysed in the buffer composed of 60 mM Tris (Bio-Shop, Canada), 2% SDS (Bio-Shop, Canada), 10% sucrose (Bio-Shop, Canada), and 1% protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma Aldrich, USA), followed by sonication for 15 s in 8 cycles with 1 min pause between cycles and centrifugation at 12,000 g for 10 min

Inhibition of pyruvate kinase M2 by reactive oxygen species contributes to cellular antioxidant responses