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Notably, animal models have demonstrated that transferring dysbiotic microbiota from CFS/ME patients to germ-free mice can induce fatigue-like behaviors, supporting a causal role for the microbiome in disease pathogenesis (Bansal et al., 2025)

Tariot PN, Farlow MR, Grossberg GT, Graham SM, McDonald S, Gergel I, et al

The finding reframes a supposedly purely beneficial nutrient as also a microbial energy source with a possible dark side

477 Consequently, the upregulation of ZIP7 is considered a significant feature of myocardial reperfusion injury and may present a novel therapeutic target for myocardial reperfusion injury and other cardiac diseases caused by oxidative stress or mitochondrial dysfunction

the trials were small (ranging from 20 to 193 subjects) and their design was so different that results could not be generalized