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Numerous clinical studies have shown that regular physical exercise can significantly improve insulin sensitivity by promoting the translocation of glucose transporter proteins to the cell membrane in skeletal muscle cells, thus enhancing glucose uptake and utilization in peripheral tissues (Liu et al., 2023)

Dixon SJ, Winter GE, Musavi LS, Lee ED, Snijder B, Rebsamen M, et al

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Abbreviations aRR: Adjusted RR BCAA: Branched-chain amino acid 1-C: Single carbon atoms FPG: Fasting plasma glucose GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus 2 h-PG: 2 h post-load plasma glucose IADPSG: International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups IADPSG-GDM: GDM diagnosis based on IADPSG criteria LCMS: Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry miRNA: MicroRNA NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NICE-GDM: GDM diagnosis based on NICE criteria SES: Socioeconomic status tHcy: Total homocysteine References Saravanan P, Diabetes in Pregnancy Working Group, Maternal Medicine Clinical Study Group, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, UK (2020) Gestational diabetes: opportunities for improving maternal and child health