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This is especially beneficial for individuals with gastrointestinal absorption issues, where oral supplements fail to deliver results

Archived from the original on September 29, 2019

Article contents Abstract Introduction Urolithin A: sources, dosage and mechanism of action Spermidine: sources, dosage and mechanism of action Urolithin A and spermidine in autophagy and mitophagy: studies in vitro In vivo studies on urolithin A and spermidine Clinical studies on urolithin A and spermidine Conclusions Financial support Competing interests Authorship Consent for publication Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process References Distinct roles of urolithin A and spermidine in mitophagy and autophagy: implications for dietary supplementation Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 December 2025 Abstract Introduction Urolithin A: sources, dosage and mechanism of action Spermidine: sources, dosage and mechanism of action Urolithin A and spermidine in autophagy and mitophagy: studies in vitro In vivo studies on urolithin A and spermidine Clinical studies on urolithin A and spermidine Conclusions Financial support Competing interests Authorship Consent for publication Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process References Abstract The increasing focus on longevity and cellular health has brought into the spotlight two key compounds, urolithin A (UroA) and spermidine, for their promising roles in autophagy and mitophagy

In our study, PFD did not inhibit fibrosis significantly, which was possibly due to the short duration of the medication (with normal dosing involving 6 weeks of administration in a mouse model and 3-6 months in clinical trials 19,42,43 )