Disclosures: Lily Dara: Intercept Pharmaceuticals: Consultant, Intercept Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support, Paola Nicoletti: Nothing to Disclose, Chaudry Majeed: Nothing to Disclose, Andrew Dellinger: Nothing to Disclose, David Kleiner: Nothing to Disclose, Mahmoud Mohamed: Nothing to Disclose, Tatyana Kushner: Gilead: Grant/Research Support, Gilead: Advisor, GSK: Advisor, Eiger: Advisor, Mohammed Umair Masood: Nothing to Disclose, Raj Vuppulanch: Eli Lilly: Grant/Research Support, Echosens: Consultant, Zydus THerapeutics: Grant/Research Support, GSK: Consultant, MERCK: Advisor, Takeda: Grant/Research Support, Huiman Barnhart: Nothing to Disclose, Jiezhun Gu: Nothing to Disclose, Herbert Bonkovsky: Nothing to Disclose 1252 CO-ADMINISTRATION OF ALCOHOL, RITONAVIR AND LOPINAVIR AFFECTS EXPRESSION OF THE SET CHEPERONE PROTEIN IN HEPATOCYTES AND MONOCYTES AND HIV-1 INFECTIVITY IN VITRO Liting Chen 1 Marina Kaypaghian 1 Cheng Ji 1 , 1 University of Southern California Background: Combined use of alcohol and antiviral drugs is known to cause cellular stress and organ injury raising peoples vulnerability to virus infection
Abbreviations ADP adenosine diphosphate ATP adenosine triphosphate CEACAM-1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate CKD chronic kidney disease CV cardiovascular DKD diabetic kidney disease DNL de novo lipogenesis eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate ENaC epithelial sodium channel ER endoplasmic reticulum FFA free fatty acid FoxO1 forkhead box O1 GBM glomerular basement membrane GIT glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase GLUT1 glucose transporter 1 GLUT2 glucose transporter 2 GLUT4 glucose transporter 4 GRB2 growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 GSK3 glycogen synthase kinase 3 GSV GLUT storage vesicle IDE insulin-degrading enzyme INSR insulin receptor IR insulin resistance IRS1 insulin receptor substrate 1 IRS2 insulin receptor substrate 2 MAPK mitogen activated protein kinase mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NBCe1 sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 NHE-3 sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 NKCC2 sodium-potassium chloride cotransporter-2 PGC1 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator 1 PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIP2 phosphatidylinositol 4,5 biphosphate PIP3 phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 triphosphate PKB protein kinase B PKG cGMP-dependent protein kinase G PKGI cGMP-dependent protein kinase G isoform I PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PT proximal tubule PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog PTP1B protein tyrosine-phosphatase 1B SGK1 serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 SGLT sodium-glucose transport proteins SGLT2 sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 SGLT2i sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors SHIP2 SH2-domain-containing inositol phosphatase 2 SREBP-1c sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus TZDs thiazolidinediones Vamp2 vesicle-associated membrane protein 2
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Ketone bodies in exercise, health and disease: Metabolic mechanisms, pathophysiology, and therapeutic implications
