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Because NADPH is depleted on the same rapid time scale as L-cystine and L-cysteine accumulation (10 min), we hypothesized that the intracellular conversion of L-cystine to L-cysteine might drive glucose deprivation-induced NADPH depletion, ROS generation, and subsequent cell death

J Hepatol 63:503514 Stanley L (2024) Drug metabolism

However, upon activation, their metabolic patterns vary depending on their physiological functions

10.3390/antiox12051075 3 AlhujailyM.AbbasH.XueM

As the medium is usually high in B9 (about 9 mM), we simulated a state of nutrient inadequacy by utilizing a depleted medium with reduced levels of vitamin B9 sourced only from the added serum (34)